What is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe conditions that cause chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or gut. The two main forms of IBD are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Both are long-term conditions that require ongoing management to control symptoms and prevent complications. At Birmingham Gastroenterology Clinic, we specialise in diagnosing and treating IBD, helping you live a full and active life.
What are the types of IBD?
There are three main types of IBD:
• Crohn’s disease – This can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. However, inflammation most commonly occurs in the small intestine, particularly in the ileum.
• Ulcerative colitis – Inflammation is limited to the colon and rectum (large bowel).
• Microscopic colitis – A less common form of IBD that can only be diagnosed by examining tissue samples (biopsies) taken from the bowel.
Some cases may be diagnosed as indeterminate colitis, where the inflammation in the colon could be caused by either Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.
What causes IBD?
The exact cause of IBD is unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute, including:
• Immune system response – An abnormal immune reaction may cause your body to attack healthy tissue in the gut, leading to inflammation.
• Genetics – Having a close family member with IBD increases your risk of developing the condition.
• Environmental factors – Stress, diet, infections, and smoking can trigger flare-ups, although they do not directly cause IBD.
While IBD cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed with the right treatment plan.
What are the symptoms of IBD?
Symptoms of IBD can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:
• Persistent diarrhoea, often with blood or mucus
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Fatigue and low energy
• Unintended weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Bloating or urgency to have a bowel movement
• Joint pain, mouth ulcers, or skin rashes
Symptoms often occur in cycles, with periods of flare-ups followed by times of remission when symptoms improve.
When to seek urgent medical advice
You should seek medical attention immediately if you experience:
• Severe abdominal pain that does not improve
• Persistent diarrhoea with blood
• Significant weight loss or dehydration
• High fever alongside digestive symptoms
• Symptoms of anaemia, such as pale skin or shortness of breath
These symptoms may indicate complications such as bowel obstruction, infection, or perforation, which require prompt treatment.
How is IBD diagnosed?
At Birmingham Gastroenterology Clinic, we use state-of-the-art diagnostic tools to confirm a diagnosis of IBD and assess its severity. These may include:
• Colonoscopy and upper GI endoscopy – A flexible tube with a camera is used to examine your digestive tract for signs of inflammation, ulcers, or other abnormalities. Biopsies may also be taken during the procedure.
• Blood and stool tests – These check for signs of inflammation, infection, or anaemia.
• Imaging tests – CT or MRI scans can provide detailed images of your digestive tract to detect inflammation or complications.
Early and accurate diagnosis is key to managing IBD effectively.
How is IBD treated?
Treatment for IBD focuses on reducing inflammation, relieving symptoms, and maintaining long-term remission. Options may include:
• Medications:
o Anti-inflammatory drugs such as aminosalicylates and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
o Immunosuppressants to control your immune response
o Biologic therapies to target specific proteins involved in inflammation
• Dietary adjustments – A dietitian may recommend avoiding certain foods during flare-ups and ensuring balanced nutrition
• Surgery – In severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove damaged parts of the digestive tract or treat complications
Your consultant will create a personalised treatment plan tailored to your condition and lifestyle.
Living with IBD
With the right management, many people with IBD can lead fulfilling lives. Key steps include:
• Regular monitoring and follow-ups to assess your condition
• Identifying and avoiding food triggers with the help of a dietitian
• Managing stress, as it can exacerbate symptoms
• Joining support groups or seeking counselling for emotional support
Why choose Birmingham Gastroenterology Clinic?
At Birmingham Gastroenterology Clinic, we specialise in diagnosing and managing IBD using the latest techniques and treatments. Our experienced team provides comprehensive, patient-centred care to help you manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life.
Contact us
If you are experiencing symptoms of IBD or need expert support managing your condition, contact Birmingham Gastroenterology Clinic today to book a consultation. Early diagnosis and personalised care can make a significant difference in managing IBD and maintaining your overall health.
